As long as we’re on the topic of logging, this is probably a good time to mention Twisted Web’s access log support. In this example, we’ll see what Twisted Web logs for each request it processes and how this can be customized.
If you’ve run any of the previous examples and watched the output of twistd or read twistd.log then you’ve already seen some log lines like this:
2014-01-29 17:50:50-0500 [HTTPChannel,0,127.0.0.1] “127.0.0.1” - - [29/Jan/2014:22:50:50 +0000] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 2753 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 ...”
If you focus on the latter portion of this log message you’ll see something that looks like a standard “combined log format” message. However, it’s prefixed with the normal Twisted logging prefix giving a timestamp and some protocol and peer addressing information. Much of this information is redundant since it is part of the combined log format. Site lets you produce a more compact log which omits the normal Twisted logging prefix. To take advantage of this feature all that is necessary is to tell Site where to write this compact log. Do this by passing logPath to the initializer:
...
factory = Site(root, logPath=b"/tmp/access-logging-demo.log")
Or if you want to change the logging behavior of a server you’re launching with twistd web then just pass the --logfile option:
$ twistd -n web --logfile /tmp/access-logging-demo.log
Apart from this, the rest of the server setup is the same. Once you pass logPath or use --logfile on the command line the server will produce a log file containing lines like:
“127.0.0.1” - - [30/Jan/2014:00:13:35 +0000] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 2753 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 ...”
Any tools expecting combined log format messages should be able to work with these log files.
Site also allows the log format used to be customized using its logFormatter argument. Twisted Web comes with one alternate formatter, proxiedLogFormatter, which is for use behind a proxy that sets the X-Forwarded-For header. It logs the client address taken from this header rather than the network address of the client directly connected to the server. Here’s the complete code for an example that uses both these features:
from twisted.web.http import proxiedLogFormatter
from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.static import File
from twisted.internet import reactor
resource = File('/tmp')
factory = Site(resource, logPath=b"/tmp/access-logging-demo.log", logFormatter=proxiedLogFormatter)
reactor.listenTCP(8888, factory)
reactor.run()